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How To Write An Expository Essay? Get Expert Help Here

How To Write An Expository Essay? Get Expert Help Here The purpose of each paragraph is introduced using topic sentences. The topic sentence forms a transition from the previous paragraph and introduces the argument to be made in this paragraph. Transition words can be used to create clear connections between sentences. To give your essay a clear structure, it is important to make use of paragraphsand headings. This exercise will help develop your ideas and identify areas of your topic that you need to learn more about. High school essays are often 500 words, but graduate essays can be 5000 words or more. My introduction contains a thesis statement that states the focus and position of the essay. After the topic sentence,present evidence by providing the reader with data, examples or quotes. Be sure to interpret and explain the evidence, and show how the paragraph helps develop your overall argument. Do not expect to come up with a fully formulated thesis statement before you have finished writing the paper. The thesis will inevitably change as you revise and develop your ideasâ€"and that is ok! They help you plan out your ideas and research prior to writing your final paper. The final sub-point should be your thesis statement. State the idea or argument that you plan to discuss in your essay. Under the first sub-point, write a sentence that introduces the essay topic while also grabbing the reader's attention. A shocking fact or anecdote is a great way to start. ” Space the questions about two or three lines apart so that you can write your answers on these lines. Respond to each questions in as much detail as you can. An essay is a focused piece of writing that develops an argument or narrative based on evidence, analysis and interpretation. We have predominantly come to terms with what is an expository essay, expository essay definition, and probably looked at some expository essay examples. Therefore, let us critic the four steps you will follow to write an expository essay. Other than expository essay examples, there are several types of expository essays. Amy Dickinson informs the letter writer that she polled her friends who live alone and found that all of them talk to themselves when at home. This makes the content scannable and easy to digest. Each paragraph should be centered around just one argument or idea. The body of your essay is where you make arguments supporting your thesis statement, provide evidence, and develop your ideas. The introduction generally comprises 10â€"20% of the text. To learnhow to write an essay introduction, start by getting familiar with its most important goals. Its central purpose is to present, interpret and analyze the information and sources you have gathered to support your argument. The introduction is important both to grab the reader’s interest and to inform them of what will be covered in the essay. Start with a tentative thesis and revise as your paper develops. Avoid burying a great thesis statement in the middle of a paragraph or late in the paper. They are essential when you're writing an essay or other written assignment.

4 Common Types Of Essays You

4 Common Types Of Essays You You might have to cut material from your essay in some places and add new material in others. Once you've read over your essay, go through and edit it. Make sure to check the specific conventions of your essay genre with your professor. After editing your essay, go over it again closely to spot any minor errors, such as typos or formatting problems. There may be issues that you missed during your initial round of editing, and there could also be new typos or formatting issues if you made changes to the original draft. You may find it easier to spot these errors on a printout rather than on an electronic version of your essay. You might also end up reordering some of the content of the essay if you think that helps it flow better. You might find it helpful to do some reading on your topic and make notes about anything you find interesting or any questions you have. Try doing some free-writing and putting down any thought that jumps into your head. Different essay genres can have different formats. If you're having trouble narrowing down your topic, your instructor might be able to provide guidance or inspiration. For a critical essay, you might choose to focus on a particular theme in the work you're discussing, or analyze the meaning of a specific passage. If you're doing a research-based essay, you might find some inspiration from reading through some of the major sources on the subject. When you're done, go back over the essay again to make sure it flows well and that there aren't any problems you missed. If you've cited any sources in the essay, you'll need to include a list of works cited at the end. For example, your topic sentence might be something like, “Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories are among the many literary influences apparent in P. G. Wodehouse's Jeeves novels.” You could then back this up by quoting a passage that contains a reference to Sherlock Holmes. One easy way to come up with a thesis statement is to briefly answer the main question you would like to address. Quotations should not be used as a substitute for your own words. A quote should always have an explanation in your own words to show its significance to your argument. The function of the introduction is simply to introduce the subject, to explain how you understand the question, and describe briefly how you intend to deal with it. An essay should be written in a flowing manner with each sentence following on logically from the previous one and with appropriate signposts to guide the reader. Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 7,279,187 times. This article was co-authored by Christopher Taylor, PhD. Christopher Taylor is an Adjunct Assistant Professor of English at Austin Community College in Texas. He received his PhD in English Literature and Medieval Studies from the University of Texas at Austin in 2014. We want to share a special discount with you on your first purchase. Please leave your email, and we’ll send you a 10% OFF coupon with an exclusive promo code. Use it when placing your order and discover all the benefits of our company. The critical or analytical essay, which examines something in detail. This type of essay may attempt to answer specific questions about the subject or focus more generally on its meaning. The compare/contrast essay, which focuses on analyzing the similarities and differences between 2 things, such as ideas, people, events, places, or works of art. All of papers you get at Papernow.org are meant for research purposes only. To help you make up your mind, see how other customers feel about our service. We'll never share your email address and you can unsubscribe at any time. I searched a lot of websites for help, but this site helped me than any other site. If you subscribed, you get a 7-day free trial during which you can cancel at no penalty. After that, we don’t give refunds, but you can cancel your subscription at any time. What I didn't know, however, was that writing had some scientific structures that could make it very interesting. Since 1965, the University of California, Irvine has combined the strengths of a major research university with the bounty of an incomparable Southern California location.

Savvy Ways To Excel In Essay Writing

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The Definition Of An Essay Including Writing Resources

The Definition Of An Essay Including Writing Resources For a truly student-centered process to work, we can’t ask leading questions or make decisions for our students. The process work we’re advocating here is multistaged, iterative, messy work. The student may move from the text to questions to freewriting or brainstorming to drafting, then go back to the text and so on, deepening her analysis by asking questions. She may use a range of visually rich, active-learning methods to generate ideas, get her thoughts in order and fill gaps. I appreciate that you started with the big pictureâ€" the possibility of writing inspiring or thought-provoking essays that are worth readingâ€" before going into the how-tos. If you can’t be brilliant and original, at least make your thesis arguable. Don’t write about “the benefits of friendship.” Everyone knows it’s good to have friends. As she figuring out the story she’s trying to tell, her early drafts will most likely be incomplete, overwritten or hard for the reader to follow. And that means she’ll have to revise and rethink and ask more questions. She’ll come to her overall claim, introduction and conclusion from her discoveries -- not the other way around. They should sound rational and factual â€" not like an individual expressing their opinion. Read your essay aloud, either to yourself or another person. Remember, you should be able to express it briefly as if addressing the essay question in a single sentence, or summing up in a debate. Be sure to keep the information relevant, and try not to veer off the subject. A well thought-out argument will often also address possible counterarguments, exposing the reader to other ways of thinking but explaining why yours is better. Planning out your essay ahead of time can make the writing process much easier. As instructors, we also have to give up some control over our assignments. Pick a topic that reasonable people may disagree about. Good essays turn on light bulbs in readers’ minds. If you begin with the assumption that the only good essay is a boring essay, you might as well give up from the start. In both content and style, write the kind of paper you’d actually want to read. Keep an audience in mind; you want your tone and style to win over your readers. In any case, the essay ends somewhere different from where it began. The reader has learned something, precisely because the author has. Something interesting has, ideally, taken place. In sum, the student essay falls into the same genre as the essays we ourselves write. Although all of those arguments have merit, our own thinking on the subject is both more old-fashioned and more radical. We think the essay form is still the best way for students to think hard on the page -- but we are not fans of formulae. Instead, we’re in favor of inquiry-based learning, evidence-rich analysis and process work. Seek feedback and advice from a good writer or someone you trust . A history essay is only likely to succeed if it is appropriately referenced. Your essay should support its information, ideas and arguments with citations or references to reliable sources. Many consider the introduction to be the most important part of an essay. It is the reader’s first experience of your essay. Watch out for mixed tenses when proofreading your work. Never refer to yourself personally, using phrases like “I think…” or “It is my contention…”. Good history essays should adopt the perspective of an informed and objective third party. It is where you first address the question and express your contention. It is also where you lay out or ‘signpost’ the direction your essay will take. Every essay must have an introduction, a body of several paragraphs and a conclusion. Your paragraphs should be well organised and follow a logical sequence. At some point in your research, you should begin thinking about a contention for your essay.

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Quality Custom Writing Service, Write My Essay Critical has its roots from the Greek word 'kritikus' which means 'to discern'. This is the essay that challenges the concepts behind an issue. Ensure that your thesis statement is not too long. Maintain logic and coherence and fluidity in the style you use for the reader to easily move from one point to another. It needs to be specific, with solid sources quoted as opposed to generic statements. For example, are you able to show how much damage is caused by using sleep medication and the statistics and tests that prove it? Remember, this is a skill that you will draw from in future, whether you take on writing as a career or pursue a different professional route. Therefore, practice the art of getting your objectives right from the beginning before embarking on the project. The title is the starting point of the process and this needs to be developed in such a way that you are able to systematically show the relationship between the whole and its parts. Here, you have an avenue of expressing your personal view on something that you have observed, read about or experienced. You can inject your own personality, perspectives, emotions, as well as challenge the observations that other authors have made on the subject matter. An essay is an opportunity to present a dynamic interchange of ideas. Once, she agonized so much over an American history paper about how the Great Depression ended that she rejected the job at the last minute, and had to pay an $18 fine. Bret Hovell, a spokesman for Arizona State University, said the school was not able to determine whether the essay had been turned in. In the writing process, you will need to use examples, draw parallels, and discuss associations. To effectively achieve this, it is necessary to employ the use of metaphors, similes, allegories, symbolisms, or other methods of comparison. In order to make it unique and captivating to the reader, it is also important to inject unexpected angles or unpredictable conclusions. An essay differs from other projects both within and beyond academia in the sense that you need to come up with a product of your own unique creativity. When you reach the conclusion, restate the thesis in a summarized form. This is the piece of writing that trains you further in developing your communication skills by increasing your reader's awareness with your knowledge and insight. Mr. Loller said he had worked with some colleges that have students who have never shown up for class or completed a single assignment. “We do not condone, encourage or knowingly take part in plagiarism or any other acts of academic fraud,” it said. Less attention has been paid to the tricks some well-off students use to skate by once they are enrolled. If so, you can start building your case from there. Therefore try as much as possible to remain meticulous in your review. Remember, you do not have to be verbose to make the essay clear and interesting. The more objective and unbiased the opinions presented, the more credible the essay. Here, the evidence you use to back up the facts you present should be up-to-date and relevant. Exposition is a process that begins by identifying the foundational ideas and facts and then analyzing the relevant research material. The goal of this essay is to deepen the reader's understanding concerning the subject. Your responsibility is to analyze the subject at hand systematically and then explain it by providing examples of the main points and giving proper analogies. So beyond just checking for spelling errors, you are looking for anything that could potentially put off the reader. Supportive facts, examples, statistics, expert opinions and other elements are key to making the essay a success. What exactly is the difference between an analytical essay and an evaluation essay? Well, the latter moves beyond simply explaining what the subject is or how it works and delves into how valuable it is. One effective way of making sure you do not miss anything is reading the paper out loud and then correct accordingly as you move along. Research does not just involve digital or written sources, but also other sources like interviews, podcasts, lessons and speeches. Remember that primary sources are more authoritative than secondary sources. It is the depth and quality of your research that will help you grasp the scope of the theme and the strengths and weaknesses of your argument. So don't hesitate to return to the instructor if you have to get all the facts straight.

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The Secrets To Good Paragraph Writing

The Secrets To Good Paragraph Writing So, your topic should be, “Discuss Hamlet as a tragedy”. Such a topic will help you to write a short essay easily. A short essay should have about five paragraphs. The intro should be very catchy as it will attract the readers and then they can easily get your point. Short essays should consist of a maximum of 400 words. You can go up to 500 but, if only it’s the need for the topic. A short length essay means essay which is written in short. The guidelines for writing short length essays are almost similar to that of writing a normal long essay. Discussing all the tragedies of Shakespeare would make your essay a long one. Therefore, you can focus on a single tragedy by him. Time4Writing’s eight-week online writing courses are highly effective in helping students apply the writing process and build writing confidence. Learn more about Time4Writing’s elementary, middle school paragraph and high school online writing courses. Coherence is the quality that makes your writing understandable. Sentences within a paragraph need to connect to each other and work together as a whole. Links are optional but it will help your argument flow if you include them. They are sentences that help the reader understand how the parts of your argument are connected. Most commonly they come at the end of the paragraph but they can be equally effective at the beginning of the next one. If you have an issue deciding the topic of your essay, then just prepare an outline of all the topics which you have, and it will help you to find out the best topic. If you already have a topic, then you need to prepare an outline for its content. Let’s now discuss the Guidelines on Writing Short Essays. A thesis statement should be placed in the introductory paragraph of your essay. You need to be very Precise when you write a short essay. So, you need to understand the topic really well. The topics of your short essays should be very catchy. It helps in catching the attention of the reader. One of the best ways to achieve coherency is to use transition words. These words create bridges from one sentence to the next. For instance, “Tragedy in Shakespeare’s plays” this topic is too vast. Here you have to research on different plays of Shakespeare to bring out the tragic elements. A short essay should be a minimum of half-page & maximum of 1 page if we work single-spaced. It can go up to max 2 pages if we work double-spaced. Sometimes a link is split between the end of one paragraph and the beginning of the next . You have got the task to write a short essay, right?

Sample Sat Essay Prompts

Sample Sat Essay Prompts Whatever you’re discussing, you’ll discover a number of concepts which you presumably planned before you started writing. To make it all hang together nicely, you add a bit of space when you transition from one area of discussion to another. As with any rule, there are exceptions, but broadly speaking, essay writing and academic writing calls for paragraphs in the word range. These paragraphs are crucial to an effective essay â€"make sure you leave enough space to thoroughly introduce your topic and decisively wrap up your argument. The introduction should be proportional to the essay’s length. Fortunately for you, we’ve collected some of the most popular essay writing services and reviewed them so you know whom to trust without spending a lot of time on own research. We’ve checked them for reliability and quality, so you can find out the companies that were able to meet the maximum requirements. Be aware, however, that different genres have their own special expectations about beginnings and endings. Some academic genres may not even require an introduction or conclusion. An annotated bibliography, for example, typically provides neither. Since there can be a large variation on the number of words needed to fill a page, most papers are no longer assigned by page count. That is, an assignment, essay or paper will likely be assigned as 1500 â€" 2000 words rather than 3 â€" 4 pages. This way it is much more difficult for the writer to “game the system” by using large fonts and excessive spacing to meet the writing criteria. Most of the advice in this handout pertains to argumentative or exploratory academic essays. If you had negative experience with a particular agency but you see a positive review there, write about your experience. If they don’t publish your comment, it’s a biased service. There are great essay writing service reviews, too. They have a huge base of reviews by real customers. Writing paragraphs takes practice, but what should students write about? Good paragraph writing prompts allow students to write about what they know and like, so their focus can be on the writing process and using the four essential elements. When looking at an essay writing service review, scroll down to see if there are any comments from real users. If the comment section is closed, it means that the reviewers are not open towards other people’s opinions. If you can leave a comment, but you don’t see any comments, try sharing feedback about services you’ve used so far. A book review may begin with a summary of the book and conclude with an overall assessment of it. A policy briefing usually includes an introduction but may conclude with a series of recommendations. The second part of the essay should be the first body paragraph, and it should present the strongest point that proves your thesis statement. The first sentence in this paragraph should tie into the transitional sentence in the introduction. Subsequent sentences should describe specific examples that relate to the point you are arguing in the paragraph. Like the last sentence in the introduction, the last sentence in this paragraph should be transitional and lead into the argument you will present in the next body paragraph. They can order any type of assignment that they need. They are confident that they will receive great quality, and they like the loyalty discount system. Essay on Time is one of the oldest services on the market, it works since 2006. Next, it was surprising to find that customers can connect with them via Messenger and live chat because not a lot of companies in the industry offer these communication options. It’s a community, where students help each other to choose the right service. As for the services, the company provides a quite typical range with all types of essays, research papers, and theses. Essay-On-Time has received hundreds of essay writing service reviews by real students. Most of the customers decide to go back to the same website. In an essay under 3000 words, the introduction is usually just one paragraph. In longer and more complex essays, you might need to lay out the background and introduce your argument over two or three paragraphs. The length of an academic essay varies depending on your level and subject of study, departmental guidelines, and specific course requirements. In general, an essay is a shorter piece of writing than a research paperor thesis.

Writing Tips « Writers Workshop

Writing Tips « Writers Workshop EssayPro has a qualified writing team, providing consumers with ultimate experiences. As a result, customer satisfaction is at 93.66%, according to reviews. If the reading list is really short, you’ll need to go beyond it. Look through the reference lists of the papers and books you’ve just read. Mark out a few of the most promising-looking readings. How are you going to relate your argument to the existing literature? Make sure you know their arguments reasonably well and have armed yourself with flexible quotes from their work. If you can, familiarise yourself with the people who think they’re wrong and awful. Start your intro with the central claim of your essay. If I’m reading it, I want to know within literally five seconds what you’re trying to convince me of. Ninety nine percent of the structure of your essay is exactly the same as you learned in secondary school. You might think you’re too good for Point, Evidence, Explain. Select the most appropriate author for the paper. This goes by price, rating, success rate, and more importantly, specialty. The ability to write any assignment type in any field. We work to make sure the experience of our clients is always positive. EssayPro is easy-to-use - with access to customer support who are here to answer any questions or concerns you may have. If you’re in any doubt, keep in mind that our service is legal and legitimate. We have learned to provide the ultimate consumer experience to students from the USA, Canada, Australia, the UK, and the UAE. We value the trust you instill in us and even though we provide last minute essay help, it’s never at the cost of quality. We take deadlines very seriously and are here to offer you 24-hours essay help. However, if you are doing a group work assignment and your lecturer has asked you to work together and submit the assignment jointly, that is not collusion. Collusion, like plagiarism, has an element of dishonesty in it. People who collude do so secretly, as they know that the lecturer would not be happy. Include a reference in the text, where the words or ideas appear, and in a reference list at the end of the essay. Here is the final version of the chocolate essay. You can also download a PDF version of the chocolate essay. As you can see from the assignment planning calculator, if you only start your essay a few days before the due date, you will have to do things too quickly. To ensure you get only top-notch papers, we ask you to give us at least 6 hours. In a nutshell, EssayPro provides students with original samples by demand. to enhance your subject knowledge;to cite references for ideas and numerical data included;to paraphrase the content, in line with your school's academic integrity policy. Figure out if there are arguments which are unresolved and see if you can make a contribution towards resolving them. You don’t want to get penalised because you didn’t reference your readings properly after you’ve put in all that effort to make sure that your arguments are founded in the literature.

Write My Paper

Write My Paper Writing Essays takes you through the whole essay writing process â€" from preparing and planning to completion. Writing essays is structured progressively and I recommend that you use it in this way. However, you will see from the sidebar that the guide is divided into a number of main sections. Click on any one of these and you will see that it’s divided into shorter sections or subsections. So you can either read it straight through from start to finish or you can go straight to the area that’s most relevant to you. Then, it must restate the key points that have been presented â€" and reiterate the thesis statement. In a previous online tutorial video we introduced you to a real-life assignment question and talked about how to structure the introduction to an essay. Notice the keywords including academic learning and literacy centres and the most effective approach. It’s very important to ensure that you fully analyse and understand the question before you start writing. Ultimately, your conclusion must demonstrate that you have fully answered the question. Use this information to gauge the level of detail, and degree of coverage that is expected. Obviously, an essay of 1500 words will have a narrower focus and will require greater summarizing skills than one of 3000 words. Note that markers will penalize essays that are too long. It is your plan that determines what approach you take to answering the question. If you have written your plan properly, you will know exactly what your answer is going to be â€" this is not something that should be decided while you are writing your essay. More importantly, your plan will ensure that you actually answer the question. Read the question several times to make sure you understand what it is asking. First and foremost, you must fully understand what you're being asked and in how much depth you're required to answer the question. Michael says that one of the biggest problems students face when it comes to essays is squarely addressing the topic. 'Many successful essay writers plan consciously and deliberately, and commit to extensive notes, lists or mind maps,' he says. 'Some - those who work less consciously - may have a very sketchy plan. Components of a good essay also relate to other communicative skills, such as giving talks or presentations. Often you will be given a word limit, or suggested length for an essay. Keeping to the limit tells the marker that you understand what is important in your argument. You may already be quite comfortable writing essays and if so, you will have a definite feel for what works for you. You should pay special attention to Section 4.3 on stylistic conventions, as there is little scope for flexibility on these matters within a particular academic discipline. This is without doubt the most vital part of writing an essay. The thesis is a succinct statement of your overall argument. If you introduction is multiple paragraphs long you have more flexibility where you place the thesis. Essentially, a conclusion consists of three main objectives. Firstly, it must summarise the arguments or information that has been presented in the body of the paper. The purpose of the conclusion is to consolidate or integrate the various issues or researched data that have been covered in the core of your paper. Everything you write must be related to the question, and without a plan it is all too easy to lose focus and write irrelevant nonsense. This will be immediately obvious to anyone reading the essay and gain you a few marks.

Write My Paper

Write My Paper Writing Essays takes you through the whole essay writing process â€" from preparing and planning to completion. Writing essays is structured progressively and I recommend that you use it in this way. However, you will see from the sidebar that the guide is divided into a number of main sections. Click on any one of these and you will see that it’s divided into shorter sections or subsections. So you can either read it straight through from start to finish or you can go straight to the area that’s most relevant to you. Then, it must restate the key points that have been presented â€" and reiterate the thesis statement. In a previous online tutorial video we introduced you to a real-life assignment question and talked about how to structure the introduction to an essay. Notice the keywords including academic learning and literacy centres and the most effective approach. It’s very important to ensure that you fully analyse and understand the question before you start writing. Ultimately, your conclusion must demonstrate that you have fully answered the question. Use this information to gauge the level of detail, and degree of coverage that is expected. Obviously, an essay of 1500 words will have a narrower focus and will require greater summarizing skills than one of 3000 words. Note that markers will penalize essays that are too long. It is your plan that determines what approach you take to answering the question. If you have written your plan properly, you will know exactly what your answer is going to be â€" this is not something that should be decided while you are writing your essay. More importantly, your plan will ensure that you actually answer the question. Read the question several times to make sure you understand what it is asking. First and foremost, you must fully understand what you're being asked and in how much depth you're required to answer the question. Michael says that one of the biggest problems students face when it comes to essays is squarely addressing the topic. 'Many successful essay writers plan consciously and deliberately, and commit to extensive notes, lists or mind maps,' he says. 'Some - those who work less consciously - may have a very sketchy plan. Components of a good essay also relate to other communicative skills, such as giving talks or presentations. Often you will be given a word limit, or suggested length for an essay. Keeping to the limit tells the marker that you understand what is important in your argument. You may already be quite comfortable writing essays and if so, you will have a definite feel for what works for you. You should pay special attention to Section 4.3 on stylistic conventions, as there is little scope for flexibility on these matters within a particular academic discipline. This is without doubt the most vital part of writing an essay. The thesis is a succinct statement of your overall argument. If you introduction is multiple paragraphs long you have more flexibility where you place the thesis. Essentially, a conclusion consists of three main objectives. Firstly, it must summarise the arguments or information that has been presented in the body of the paper. The purpose of the conclusion is to consolidate or integrate the various issues or researched data that have been covered in the core of your paper. Everything you write must be related to the question, and without a plan it is all too easy to lose focus and write irrelevant nonsense. This will be immediately obvious to anyone reading the essay and gain you a few marks.

Write My Paper

Write My Paper Writing Essays takes you through the whole essay writing process â€" from preparing and planning to completion. Writing essays is structured progressively and I recommend that you use it in this way. However, you will see from the sidebar that the guide is divided into a number of main sections. Click on any one of these and you will see that it’s divided into shorter sections or subsections. So you can either read it straight through from start to finish or you can go straight to the area that’s most relevant to you. Then, it must restate the key points that have been presented â€" and reiterate the thesis statement. In a previous online tutorial video we introduced you to a real-life assignment question and talked about how to structure the introduction to an essay. Notice the keywords including academic learning and literacy centres and the most effective approach. It’s very important to ensure that you fully analyse and understand the question before you start writing. Ultimately, your conclusion must demonstrate that you have fully answered the question. Use this information to gauge the level of detail, and degree of coverage that is expected. Obviously, an essay of 1500 words will have a narrower focus and will require greater summarizing skills than one of 3000 words. Note that markers will penalize essays that are too long. It is your plan that determines what approach you take to answering the question. If you have written your plan properly, you will know exactly what your answer is going to be â€" this is not something that should be decided while you are writing your essay. More importantly, your plan will ensure that you actually answer the question. Read the question several times to make sure you understand what it is asking. First and foremost, you must fully understand what you're being asked and in how much depth you're required to answer the question. Michael says that one of the biggest problems students face when it comes to essays is squarely addressing the topic. 'Many successful essay writers plan consciously and deliberately, and commit to extensive notes, lists or mind maps,' he says. 'Some - those who work less consciously - may have a very sketchy plan. Components of a good essay also relate to other communicative skills, such as giving talks or presentations. Often you will be given a word limit, or suggested length for an essay. Keeping to the limit tells the marker that you understand what is important in your argument. You may already be quite comfortable writing essays and if so, you will have a definite feel for what works for you. You should pay special attention to Section 4.3 on stylistic conventions, as there is little scope for flexibility on these matters within a particular academic discipline. This is without doubt the most vital part of writing an essay. The thesis is a succinct statement of your overall argument. If you introduction is multiple paragraphs long you have more flexibility where you place the thesis. Essentially, a conclusion consists of three main objectives. Firstly, it must summarise the arguments or information that has been presented in the body of the paper. The purpose of the conclusion is to consolidate or integrate the various issues or researched data that have been covered in the core of your paper. Everything you write must be related to the question, and without a plan it is all too easy to lose focus and write irrelevant nonsense. This will be immediately obvious to anyone reading the essay and gain you a few marks.

Good Essay Writing

Good Essay Writing Our Money Back Guarantee is another reason to choose our company. Even if our writers fail to fulfill your expectations, you won’t regret asking for help. In addition, ordering your papers here is 100% safe, as we care about your privacy and never disclose your personal information to anyone. Many students write informative papers and generate interesting ideas but make grammar mistakes or forget to put a comma where it’s necessary. When your professor checks your paper, you won’t have any problems with the originality of the content. Our writers have Ph.D. degrees, and all of them have to prove their expertise if they want to work with us. They must pass various tests and demonstrate strong writing and research skills. Do you know why we can claim that the quality is going to be great? If you want a literature essay, we’ll delegate the order to a writer with a Master’s or Doctoral degree in literature. That won’t happen when you hire the best essay writers online. And so are our papers that are always written using proper grammar, syntax, and punctuation. If you don’t want to get into writer’s block, then you should hire a pro essay writer to help you out. Receiving a new order, we first and foremost instruct a writer to carry out original topic research that is always based on requested sources. Originality is as important as quality research and the right citation format. Every student knows that plagiarism can lead to terrible consequences so we make sure that you won’t have such a problem when ordering your assignments here. Our writing experts always create academic papers from scratch. You can count on our paper writing service to draw up for you a new, 100% genuine composition based on your initial instructions. The similarity report will range between green and blue. Speaking about writers, it’s also necessary to talk about all the great editors and proofreaders on our team. We also check all the papers for plagiarism so that you can get unique and affordable papers you won’t be afraid to put your name on. Originality is one of our customers’ main requirements so we never use unreliable plagiarism checkers that store the submitted content. Correct, finely-written, and original papers bring only positive results. To write such texts, we offer you the industry-leading academic authors in your subject field. Such mistakes can undermine the success of the whole work. Thanks to our team of proofreaders and editors, you can be sure that your papers will be perfect. We check all our papers before delivering them to you. We don’t want you to be disappointed so every paper must pass our quality control. First, your writer will review the paper and make sure that all the information is properly cited. Our editors review the paper and fix any logical or stylistic flaws. They also check the references and make sure that your paper only includes relevant information. After this, our experts proofread your papers and fix any grammar, spelling, and punctuation mistakes. Order essays, term papers, research papers, or another assignment without having to worry about its originality - we offer 100% original content written completely from scratch. When an injury forced him to give up his senior nurse management role, turned to writing. He enjoys writing about all medical and nursing topics, with a particular interest in helping students working towards a nursing qualification.

How Do CCA Essay Samples Help You Write Your Best Essay?

How Do CCA Essay Samples Help You Write Your Best Essay?With the more stringent rules and regulations for CCA essays, you are probably wondering what exactly they can expect to see. What is a CCA essay? Basically, it is an essay that you submit in order to be accepted to a college or university.In order to achieve this goal, you will need to use CCA essay samples. There are different companies out there who are offering samples of papers in order to help you make a decision on what is right for you. These sample essays may include your CV, transcripts, recommendations, tests, and other academic information as well.This article will discuss some of the CCA essay samples. I'll discuss the first sample I found, which was an essay on the history of the United States written by a current college student. It was also with the intent of being an essay example, but since it was on a history class, the school's motto was used, along with the word 'great' throughout the essay.The first thing t hat stands out to me about this sample is that it is an exceptional example of an essay example that I have seen. This sample has references to US history as well as a discussion of the writing process. The writer of the essay noted that she was taking a history class, but the use of historical information and the use of the phrase 'we stand at a crossroads' in the last paragraph made it seem like the writer would make a great history professor. That makes it even more impressive.The next essay sample I looked at was not an example from a CCA course, but from a CCA class titled 'A Place of Your Own: A History of Columbus, Ohio'. Although the samples do have examples of essays that deal with writing more traditional topics such as politics and religion, this essay was written purely to earn an undergraduate degree. The essay included a note to the reader on how important it is to write papers that you love to read.The next sample that I looked at was from a sample CCA essay sample ti tled 'The Case For Marriage'. This was written by a current college student who was looking for a couple who could be a life partner for her. She wrote the entire essay using research on marriage, family, and values.From these CCA essay samples I saw, I was impressed with some of the results that were coming out of my student. In my opinion, the fact that she was able to use research from a specific subject to get her objective across is an example of her brilliance. When students have been able to see their own brilliance and see it applied in the writing of an essay, I think that is when they are truly appreciative.

Benefits of OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health...

The Benefits of OSHA Work place safety is not something to be scoffed about. Although many employers and employees often overlook this pre-caution, the government has created a whole agency, OSHA (occupational safety and health administration) to address work place related injuries and deaths. For many years OSHA has implemented training programs for the employees and workers of companies in the industry of construction and general hard labor. Not all working sites were created equal. Although the chances of dying at work are fairly slim, the chances of getting injured or sick due to the job is relatively high. In fact, the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics has estimated that workers in construction have a â€Å"4.6 in 100†¦show more content†¦OSHA is a training program that seeks to improve the skills and standards for the best safety at any work environment. With that said, one of the major benefits of OSHA is that workers will learn more about safety which they had no prev ious knowledge before. They will fully understand the risks they take by being on the job. Moreover, workers will gain the knowledge to become safer than compared to before because of OSHA (Article Americas Most Injured). Not only will they be more knowledgeable about safety measures, but they will also be trained in such a way that they maximize their safety in a compliant way. OSHA is beneficial because all workers, regardless of what type of work, can benefit from undergoing OSHA training and any educational workshops that it may offer. Another benefit of OSHA is that it is implemented and carried out by the federal government. It is universal, standard, and consistent across the country and thus it will not cause confusion among workers at different companies or work sites. One compliance rule is the same at another site. The standard of safety is the same anywhere else and all companies and employers will follow the same gold standard. OSHA is not carried out by the employers but rather, it is experts who have contributed to the ways to counteract haphazard and dangerous situations. The best standards for safety were developed through experts and shared through OSHA and thus it willShow MoreRelatedEmployee Safety, Health, and Welfare Law Paper1600 Words   |  7 PagesEmployee Safety, Health, and Welfare Law Paper Virginia A. Williams MGT/434 October 22, 2012 Paul D. Love, JD MBA Employee Safety, Health, and Welfare Law Guidelines were leveled at hirers, workers, safety representatives, safety committee members, and health practitioners. The guidelines are a guide to segments 25 and 26 of the Safety, Health, and Welfare at Work Act 2005, hereafter calledRead MoreEssay about Occupational Safety and Health Administration1458 Words   |  6 PagesOccupational Safety and Health Administration PAST The Occupational Safety and Health Administration or OSHA is a part of the US Department of Labor, and was started in 1970 as part of the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Its mission is to prevent work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths by issuing and enforcing rules (called standards) for workplace safety and health. Since it’s inception it has helped to cut the incidents of workplace fatalities by sixty percent, and occupationalRead MoreSafety, Health, and Welfare of the Employees Essay1197 Words   |  5 PagesSafety, Health, and Welfare of the Employees Over the years, Government has taken great care to protect employees rights to take care of themselves and their families. Two of the greatest pieces of legislation passed to protect employees rights to themselves and their families are the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA). This paper will summarize the application and implication of FMLA and OSHA. The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) was writtenRead MoreANSI/AIHA Z10 vs. OSHAs VPP Program636 Words   |  3 Pagesorder to fully understand the advantages and disadvantages of implementing one program over another, the real and perceived benefits of each must be addressed, relative to the difficulty of implementation. Both benefits and implementation come together to equal the value a company would receive depending on which program the company chose to utilize. More people have heard of OSHA than have heard of ANSI, but that does not negate the value and strength of the latter. In some types of organizations andRead MoreOsha Past Present Future Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesOSHA Past, Present and Future PAST The Occupational Safety and Health Administration or OSHA is a part of the US Department of Labor, and was started in 1970 as part of the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Its mission is to prevent work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths by issuing and enforcing rules (called standards) for workplace safety and health. Since its inception it has helped to cut the incidents of workplace fatalities by sixty percent, and occupational injuryRead MoreFundamental Of Hrm By Gary Dessler1505 Words   |  7 Pagesnurtured and their skills developed. The fourth topic comprises the compensation plans and rewarding of employees, based on their performance and employee benefits. The fifth topic of explains employee and labor relations in regard to ethics, relations and employee treatment at work places. Solving disputes and improving occupational safety, health and risk management. The last topic deals with issues in HRM based on the global trends, and management of resources in small enterprises. Book 2 LauraRead MoreRecord Keeping Violation : Osha1602 Words   |  7 PagesViolation After some research on many record keeping violations that OSHA has placed or investigated, I came across an investigation that involved AKM LLC, that did business as Volks Contractors. After an OSHA inspection, citations were assessed and monetary fines were put into place. The company appealed the citations and the process continued. This investigation into AKM LLC dates back from January 11, 2002 through April 22, 2006. OSHA states that the company did not prepare incident forms, incidentRead MoreOccupational Safety and Health Administration and United States668 Words   |  3 PagesThe United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is an agency of the United States Department of Labor. It was created by Congress of the United States under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, signed by President Richard M. Nixon, on December 29, 1970. Its mission is to prevent work-related injuries, illnesses, and occupational fatality by issuing and enforcing rules called standards for workplace safety and health. The agency is headed by a Deputy Assistant Secretary ofRead MoreOsha2001 Words   |  9 PagesOccupational Safety and Health Administration Jaisa Faye Ganir University of Hawaii, West Oahu PUBA 475 (67064) June 26, 2012 Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...........3-5 Who OSHA Covers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Who OSHA Doesn’t Cover†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4-5 Worker Rights†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Regulations â€Å"Standards†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreConstruction Safety Is An Area Of Much Alarm949 Words   |  4 PagesConstruction safety is an area of much alarm, being a big contributor to annual fatalities and injuries. In 2013, the number of workers who were killed on the job totaled 4,405. The number of fatalities in private industry was 3,929 and out of those 796 were in construction (OSHA). From the year 2002 to 2012 construction contributed to 19.5 percent of deaths in the work place (Smith). Through the establishment of OSHA in 1970, fatalities have been significantly reduced. However, the goal to further

An Investigation of Latino Participation in Politics Essay

An Investigation of Latino Participation in Politics This research examines the disjuncture between Hispanic strength in population and Hispanic participation in politics. I examine the nature of this disjuncture: its severity, its causes, and its consequences. Hispanics currently comprise 11.2% of the U.S. population, but the Hispanic vote in the 1998 elections comprised only 4.7% of all ballots cast. The situation is even bleaker when considering Hispanic representation in Congress. Currently, less than four percent of U.S. House members are Latino. Add to that clear disjuncture the fact that two of the Hispanic Congressmen do not even possess the ability to vote and that there is not a single Hispanic Senator, and we see that†¦show more content†¦Verba and his co-authors examine the import of participation, both voting and non-voting, in our American society. According to their argument, the typical citizen activist â€Å"tend[s] to be drawn disproportionately from more advantaged groups–to be well-educated and well -heeled and to be White and male† (Verba et al., 1995: 231). Indeed, Verba et al. explore participation along both gender and racial lines and concludes that both women and minorities are comparatively less active than men, especially white men, who stand peerless both in terms of affiliation with a political organization, contributing to a campaign, contacting their Representatives, and more direct forms of participation like voting. Verba et al. also speak to the impact of income level on political participation, a topic often repeated by political scientists (DeSipio 1996, McClain and Tauber 1998). The conclusion: â€Å"for each kind of participation, affluence and participation go hand in hand† seems rather obvious (Verba et al. 1995: 189). Indeed, if a Latino parent works two low paying jobs and worries about paying the bills every month (as many do) he or she will likely have little incentive to travel to the polling place to ensure Hispanic representation in Washington. Additionally, Hispanics encounter further impediments to political participation: lower ages and education levels, coupled with language difficulties and illegal and non-citizen statuses further enlarge the gap betweenShow MoreRelatedUnited States Immigration Reform : Why The Debate Is At A Standstill?3656 Words   |  15 Pagesto lasting demographic shifts and voting changes that ended up tilting in Democrats’ favor. When the law was passed, only 3% of Latino Americans who voted in presidential elections. In 2012, they made up roughly 10%. Obama ended up carrying the Latino vote 71-29 percent over Mitt Romney. Some republicans point out Obama’s immigration efforts as just a game of politics. In 2012 Obama ended up granting immigrants brought into the U.S. as children (the DREAMers) the allowance to find jobs and temporarilyRead MoreThe Black Panthers, By J. Wilson, And Marcus Garvey And The Unia3935 Words   |  16 Pagescommunity from progressing. Imprisonment, murder, deportation, bombings, illegal wiretapping, and fraud are just some of the schemes that have been leveled at black power organizations since J. Edgar Hoover first took the helm of the Bureau of Investigation, the predecessor to the present day FBI. Examining what happened to the Black Panthers, particularly the murders of Fred Hampton and Mark Clark, and Marcus Garvey and the UNIA, will give us a clear picture of the strate gies used to destroy blackRead More The Environmental Lobby and Voting Trends in the United States5545 Words   |  23 Pageshas responded to those trends. Overall, the American public is receptive to environmentalism, but the political realm is crowded with many competing interests, and the environmental lobby has not yet found a reliable means of influencing electoral politics for the benefit of its policy preferences. Republican Voters The majority of all Republicans support some kind of federal environmental spending, either status quo or increased spending. The majority of all self-identified conservatives alsoRead MoreUnited States V. Arizona14319 Words   |  58 Pagesobstruct an investigation.† The Arizona legislature asserts that section 2(B) furthers Congress objectives; and thus cannot be preempted. According to the federal government, â€Å"[t] he effect of the statute is not to induce cooperation with the federal officials responsible for enforcing the INA, but rather to remove discretion of state and local officers to consider federal priorities in their enforcement efforts.† They argue that the sole exception for hindering or obstructing an investigation is notRead MoreGoal Movie Review10720 Words   |  43 Pagesand the temptations of life in the fast lane—are just a few of the obstacles Santiago must overcome to triumph in the heady, heart-pounding world of international football . 1 Directed by Danny Cannon, â€Å"Goal! The Dream Begins† stars up and coming Latino actor Kuno Becker. Some of the hottest representatives from the world of football also appear in the movie, including David Beckham, Zinedine Zidane, Raul, and Newcastle United’s Captain Alan Shearer. 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Entrepreneurship Design

Question: Critically analyse what drives someone towards entrepreneurship Working individually, you will need to research on Henry Ford as entrepreneur in order to understand what factors have motivated, to become entrepreneurs. You will need to critically evaluate these factors against current academic perspectives of entrepreneurial motivation from psychological, sociological and economic disciplines. Answer: 1. Introduction Entrepreneurship is one of the processes of designing the new business that concludes startup a new company that offer several products, processes or the services. As per the viewpoint of Baron (2012), an entrepreneur mostly perceives a new business opportunity as often reveals biases in the overall perception along with some subsequent decision in order to exploit several opportunities. Therefore, it can be said of entrepreneurship is highly glorified in the society today. In this particular text, focus would be shed on Henry Ford, as he has been one of the promising entrepreneurs in the history. In order to understand the concept, the entire study would be made from several perspectives as well as some motivational factors. Bygrave and Zacharakis (2011) have opined that entrepreneurship is a tough game and this is certainly not meant for those who cannot withstand any difficult times in the business. 2. Driving factors towards entrepreneurship In this part, it is highly important to discuss about some motivational factors that drive a person towards entrepreneurship. It can be said that all the entrepreneurs possess their own respective styles as well as journeys to start their new business. However, it is no doubt to say that there are certain specific factors that play pivotal role in order to motivate as well as inspire people to own a start up (Cressy, Cumming and Mallin 2012). Therefore, the motivational factors have been discussed here in details to understand the situation clearly. 2.1 Passion for the work Ford, Albion and Segal (2013) has said that an entrepreneur is required to know that how to take the calculative risks in the work field that sometimes involve several things at stake. Therefore, it can be easily said that the courage of taking risks generally comes from inner side as well as faith on passion. In this case, it is no doubt to say that the faith and courage comes when a person has passion towards something. Therefore, it can be easily said that passion is one of the key factors that drives people towards entrepreneurship. 2.2 Self-Reliance Self-reliance is another major motivating factor that has significantly driven more than half of the world population towards entrepreneurship. It has been found that most of the times not having freedom to do the work and asking for permission from the higher authority play major role for those persons who love freedom and this becomes one of the key factors to start a new business. Frese, Rousseau and Wiklund (2014) have opined that the entrepreneurs are very creative people and for anything, they do not want to slow down their creativity and thus freedom as well as self-reliance is highly required. 2.3 Feeling of the achievement It is the pride and sense of accomplishment that tends to satisfy the needs and demands of a entrepreneur. In entrepreneurship, it is all about doing the best for the customers, striving very hard for achieving excellence in all the endeavors drives all the entrepreneurs to start a new venture or a company (Ijorita 2014). 2.4 Sense of Control Kalantaridis and Fletcher (2012) have opined that a string sense of control over the things in the organization comes across the most profound reasons for a person who wants to become an entrepreneur. It has been observed that most of the entrepreneurs get highly fascinated by the sense of immense security that automatically comes in being the own boss. Therefore, it can be said that it is the sense of security as well as control that tends to help in the driving the entrepreneurship skills and performances of a person. Mara (2009) has stated in the work that being an entrepreneur in the work field is one of the great feelings and the entrepreneur are required to have enough passion as well as determination to get success. Therefore, it can be easily said that these motivational factors play the role of the driving factors for a person to become an entrepreneur (Kalantaridis and Fletcher 2012). 3. Henry Ford as an entrepreneur In case of Henry Ford, it is called that Henry Ford is the man who taught America to drive, as he is the founder of Ford Motor Company. American industrialist and the founder of the Ford Motor Company has the power to foresight the revolution in the transportation industry as well as enable several people to purchase their first card from the company. As per the viewpoint of Henry Ford, innovation without the proper execution is nothing but just hallucination and he has said that innovation = success (Ford and Crowther 1973). From the success story of Henry Ford, it can be said that ir is important to remember that Ford was not the innovator, he was an inventor and thus, history remembers him as a powerful entrepreneur. From the perspective of an entrepreneur, it can be said that Ford did not invent the automobile or assembly line, but what he did is that he revolutionized the way in which there were produced as well as utilized in the daily life. Most importantly, he had the vision to concentrate on something that already existed and he used to improve that existing product and resell the modified product as a new one (Ford and Faurote 1929). Therefore, it can be said that this is one of the features that is highly significant to learn from Henry Ford. Modifications as well as improvement are two major parts of an entrepreneur that help them to become one of the prominent entrepreneurs in the work field. Therefore, it can be easily said that Henry Ford is widely regarded as one of the well accepted as well as greatest innovators and industrialists of all the time (Morris 2010). From a very early age, Ford knew that the mass production was the answer to providing the products for the benefit of all the people and most importantly, he leaned from the mistakes and this is one of the key features of a successful entrepreneur (Ford 1989). 4. Motivational factors 4.1 Psychological Discipline Ford, Albion and Segal (2013) has said that although entrepreneurship is generally associated with the fields of administration, economy and management, it is being a broad subject as well as conceptual field that is studied under the field of psychology. It has been found that the psychology over entrepreneurship have played one of the major roles not only for the detailed consideration of the overall concept, but the wider meaning that is used presently. Therefore, behind a successful entrepreneur, there are several psychological factors can be witnessed. Publishing (2014) has found that entrepreneurship psychology indicates several interaction points between the organizational psychology and entrepreneurship. Passion for the work, self-reliance, felling of accomplishment, personal growth with the course of time, sense of control are some of the major psychological factors that affect a person to become a successful entrepreneur in the career (Short 2014). 4.2 Sociological Discipline The proper emergence as well as the development of entrepreneurship has become one of the important phenomenons in the contemporary economies and in this part, sociological factors are considered as highly important factors. The environment in which the entrepreneur has been working is considered as one of the important sociological factors. Government assistance as well as proper support, availability of labor along with the proper supply of the raw materials, encouragement from the big business houses, and promising demand for the specific product are some of the sociological factors that play major role to the entrepreneur. Smallbone and Welter (2012) have opined that entrepreneurs are the sum total of their life experience and thus there exist no single entrepreneurial personality and the sociological factors affect this part largely. The dynamic natured entrepreneurial behaviors are largely shaped by several sociological factors in the society. 4.3 Economic Discipline Economic conditions as well as factors leave both positive and negative influences on entrepreneurship, the positive factors influences the comprise facilitative as well as conductive conditions for the easy emergence of entrepreneurship and on the other hand, negative influences create the inhibiting environment towards the emergence of entrepreneurship. Weber (2012) has shown in his work that the economic environments exercise the most important direct as well as immediate influence on entrepreneurship. Therefore, it can be said that this is likely because those people who become entrepreneurs because of some necessaries at that point, when there are no other jobs available in the market. Capital, labor, raw materials, market, infrastructure are some of the major economic factors that play significant role on entrepreneurship (Oakey 2012). 5. Conclusion After conduction of the entire study, it can be opined that the entire study has focused on the motivational factors that drives a person towards entrepreneurship. In order to understand the study easily, focus has been shed on Henry Ford, who is considered as one of the greatest entrepreneurs in history. The detailed research on this pioneer has helped to have an in-depth knowledge of the research topic. Moreover, the study has been analyzed from psychological, sociological and economic disciplines of entrepreneurial motivation. References Aics, Z. and Szerb, L., 2010. The global entrepreneurship and development index 2012. Baron, R., 2012. Entrepreneurship. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Bygrave, W. and Zacharakis, A., 2011. Entrepreneurship. Cressy, R., Cumming, D. and Mallin, C., 2012. Entrepreneurship, governance and ethics. Dordrecht: Springer. Ford, H. and Crowther, S., 1973. My life and work. New York: Arno Press. Ford, H. and Faurote, F., 1929. My philosophy of industry, Henry Ford. New York: Coward-McCann, Inc. Ford, H., 1989. Ford on management. New York: B. Blackwell. Ford, H., Albion, M. and Segal, H., 2013. The quotable Henry Ford. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. Frese, M., Rousseau, D. and Wiklund, J., 2014. The Emergence of Evidence-Based Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), pp.209-216. Ijorita, M., 2014. ICT and entrepreneurship: social network marketing. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, pp.19-29. Kalantaridis, C. and Fletcher, D., 2012. Entrepreneurship and institutional change: A research agenda. Entrepreneurship Regional Development, 24(3-4), pp.199-214. Mara, W., 2009. American entrepreneurship. Morris, M., 2010. Annals of entrepreneurship education and pedagogy 2014. Oakey, R., 2012. High-technology entrepreneurship. London: Routledge. Publishing, O., 2014. Entrepreneurship at a Glance 2014. Paris: OECD Publishing. Short, J., 2014. Social entrepreneurship and research methods. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Smallbone, D. and Welter, F., 2012. Cross-border entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Regional Development, 24(3-4), pp.95-104. Weber, R., 2012. Evaluating entrepreneurship education. Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler.

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Cloud Computing Industry Analysis Essays

Cloud Computing Industry Analysis Essays Cloud Computing Industry Analysis Essay Cloud Computing Industry Analysis Essay Report 2012 Cloud Computing Industry Analysis Submitted ByRomi Narang (197) Suryadeep Gumber(212) Rajesh Anuragi (196) Smith Rakesh (194) Neha Chavan(221) Neha Agrawal (224) Chandrika Gailot(229) 1/10/2012 Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Cloud Computing . 3 WHAT ARE THE NECESSITIES OF CLOUD COMPUTING? . 5 What are the needs of PaaS, IaaS, SaaS (Cloud Families)? . 6 Pricing Models .. 9 PESTLE Analysis . 11 Technological Infrastructure required for Cloud Computing 17 Cloud Computing Drivers Vs Inhibitors . 8 Global cloud computing market size Future growth . 22 CLOUD COMPUTING AFFECTING FIRM BOUNDARY .. 25 Web 2. 0 and Cloud Computing 31 Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis .. 35 1. Cloud Computing Cloud computing refers to the provision of computing resources like computing power, applications, computing infrastructure and business processes in manner that is scalable as per requirement and can be shared in order to gain economies of scale. These provisions are delivered as a service over the internet (or any other electronic network) and the service can be accessed by the end users via a computing device. The data and application related information relevant to the end users business/personal needs is stored on remote servers. The term ‘cloud’ is used for the abstraction of the complex network infrastructure that is used for providing the service. [1] Figure 1. Logical Diagram for Cloud Computing: [2] Office building analogy for cloud[4] A more effective way to explain the concept of cloud computing is to compare it with an office building. An office building can accommodate multiple companies belonging to different types of industries. Although some companies can go for privately managed maintenance/servicing of their own office, it will be extremely economical and cost effective for all companies to go for shared services that are used by all. These will mostly comprise of some essential and fundamental utility services. Likewise, Cloud computing enables sharing of the computing resources, management of which by a single company could be taxing and uneconomical. The flexibility, immediate availability and cost effectiveness of the maintenance, hardware and platform development offered by cloud computing can be compared with the electricity coming out of every wall of an office building, the underlying technical aspects being abstracted from the user. Figure 2: Cloud computing compared to shared office space[4] Players in the Cloud computing world: [1] Vendors: Provide applications and enabling technology, infrastructure, hardware, and integration. Partners: Collaborate with the vendors and provide support services to customers. Business Leaders: Either use or evaluate various types of cloud computing offerings. Types of Cloud computing services:[3] Private Cloud: The cloud is owned by a particular customer with the required infrastructure and technology residing either on-site or off-site. This type of service is costly but provides better security. Public Cloud: The cloud is owned by a large organization or company specializing in cloud computing services. The cloud can be rented for use to anyone willing to pay for it. It is the cheapest type of cloud computing service but because of its public nature it is deemed to be less secure. Hybrid Cloud: It consists of multiple private and public clouds. 2. WHAT ARE THE NECESSITIES OF CLOUD COMPUTING? 1. Information Technology penetrated in day to day life very fast With the starting of Internet era, most of the people and majority companies in the world became dependent on the services you could get to with a click of the mouse. The best example may be the free email (Gmail/Yahoo mail), the chat technology (Yahoo Messenger), Social Networking websites (YouTube, Facebook, Twitter). One can’t imagine life without them. That’s where the cloud was born. You need cloud data centers to run that stuff. 2. Cheaper source of Technology One may look for quality or ease of access but in the end the main thing that’s at the top of everybody’s mind is the economy. Cloud data centers are fundamentally different because they are built for very large user numbers and for a particular focus. Traditional data centers cannot compete on cost. In fact it’s no competition on the cost front. 3. Go Green In the scenario where environment is one of the biggest concerns, cloud computing seems as a perfect option as there is no paper etc required. The data is saved over internet as digital signals. Nowadays digitization of everything is becoming a trend among all top multinational companies. 4. The never ending and always expanding data The data is ever increasing and it probably always will. It seems to grow at about 60% a year and it doesn’t pause for breath. It won’t stop, even if you cry at it. But like old email, you never access most of the data and at the same time you also don’t want to delete it. So saving it all in the cloud makes sense clearly. 5. Unlimited Access This is almost impossible to stop users accessing anything they want on the Internet. One may be able to blacklist some web sites (adult sites etc) but one can’t want to prevent users from finding useful capabilities on the Internet. And those are cloud apps by any definition. There’s a wealth of it and it’s a boon to us. 6. No need for continuous software development Cloud computing is the best way of software development. There was always two types of software development; the mission critical stuff that gives us business traction, and the rest. We need not to worry for it. It’s the competition that drives the software development and thus making it cost effective. 7. Emergence of cloud computing as an ecosystem The cloud computing has created an environment and hence various companies and developers create applications that support this environment, just like Google which is no more a website but an ecosystem. [4] 3. What are the needs of PaaS, IaaS, SaaS (Cloud Families)? PaaS: What is it? [5] The way of renting hardware, operating systems, storage and network capacity over the Internet is called PaaS(Platform as a Service). It allows the customer to rent virtualized servers and associated services for running existing applications or developing and testing new ones. Features:[8] 1. All the services needed in the process of making an application like developing, testing, deploying, hosting and maintaining applications is integrated into the same platform. 2. It is very user friendly as different user interfaces can be easily created using various web tools available in PaaS. . Various users can simultaneously use the same application process because of it’s â€Å"tenant architecture† feature. 4. It is used for billing and subscription management. 5. Integration can be done via common standards with web services and databases. 6. It has built in feature to handle load balancing and failover. Revenue: Figure 3[9] Players: Amazon, IBM, Microsoft, Rightscale, Wip ro, Adobe, Oracle, Vmware, TCS, Sales Force, Google, VirtuStream, NetMagic. Which industry can use it and why? [11] Telecommunications industry can use PaaS. With the advent of 3G and popularity of Mobile VAS, PaaS products like Flypp that enable telcos with faster go-to market applications and reduce risk and operational overheads are predicted to see increased adoption. SaaS: What it is? [5] The model in which applications are hosted by a vendor or service provider and made available to customers over a network, typically the Internet is known as SaaS (Software as a Service) Features[8] 1. 2. 3. 4. It is used in commercial applications for accessing web It has a central hub for software management It uses the star network model for oftware delivery It has a feature called â€Å"application programming interface† which is used to link different softwares 5. Time to time upgradation of software and recovery of system patches is not required to be monitored by the SaaS users. Revenue Figure 4[9] Players: IBM, Microsoft, Synage, Wipro, Oracle, Vmware, TCS, Salesforce, Google, VirtuStream, NetMagic. Which industry can use it and why? [11] Healthcare industry can use SaaS. With medical tourism flourishing, India is slowly becoming a haven for healthcare services. Healthcare industry is also advancing its IT platforms to touch the global standards. This industry’s key worry of system consolidation can be addressed by SaaS solutions. Iaas: What it is? [7] A model in which an organization outsources the equipment used to support operations, including storage, hardware, servers and networking components is called IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service). The service provider owns the equipment and is responsible for housing, running and maintaining it. The client has no obligations and he only pays on a per-use basis. Features:[8] 1. Dynamic scaling can be done 2. It allows access to multiple users on single hardware 3. It is based on the model of utility pricing and hence has a variable cost 4. Resources are distributed as a service. Revenue Figure 5[10] Players: Amazon, Go Grid, Wolf Frameowrks, Microsoft, Rightscale, Wipro, Oracle, Vmware, TCS, Google, IBM, Net Magic, Reliance Data Centre. Which industry can use it and why? [11] Government and public sector can use IaaS. With current e-governance initiatives driving on a PPP model, immense investments are being made on the IT infrastructure front. For projects like Aadhaar, the UIDAI is contemplating on the adoption of a cost-effective cloud based model that can provide effective and scalable processing of large databases. 4. Pricing Models Elastic pricing or Pay-as-you-Use model Elastic pricing model is a model that incurs less wastage and lower costs as under this system customers are charged based as per their usage and consumption of a service. As the users are keenly aware of the cost of doing business and consuming a resource (since it’s coming from their pockets) therefore the awareness of cost and selective usage is quite prominent. When to use it? 1. When there is Unpredictability of resources . 2. When there is limitation of budget. Fixed or Subscription based pricing The simplest pricing option where the customer organization is billed on a fixed monthly basis is known as fixed pricing. The consumer is billed the same amount every month without consideration for actual usage. When to use it? 1. When requirements are well defined. 2. When more control over the budget is required. 3. When it is required to use the cloud for a longer periods. Spot pricing for cloud It is a new concept in cloud computing, where market forces will decide the pot pricing model i. e. , when the demand of computing and storage resources is higher than the price of services will be higher and vice-versa. Cloud chargeback Customers are charged on the basis of usage. Benefits of this model are: 1. 2. 3. 4. Resource utilization can become more visible. Forecasting, budgeting and capacity planning can be facilitated. It encourages the use of new emerging technologies. It facilitates justification and allocation of cost to their stakeholders and business units. Adoption of cloud computing models in India Findings on the basis of survey done by EY recently: 1. 2. 3. 4. Annual contract based modelling is mostly opted by large enterprises. Resource based usage model is adopted by SMB segment in majority. Potential customers are not satisfied with single pricing model. Pricing structures offered by vendors should be easy to understand, transparent and cost efficient. Figure 6 [61] 5. PESTLE Analysis Figure 7 Political Regulations Even with Internet’s rise to the Horizon, it took many years for policy makers to set up common norms and procedures regarding the internet’s usage. With the current popularity of cloud computing policy makers are more proactive in addressing technological changes. Regulations are still at a very nascent stage for Cloud computing: There are various government policies involved in that need to be incorporated by vendors to successfully implement cloud. There are various issues like security, privacy, location and ownership of data, that hinder the growth of cloud computing. Some vendors like Amazon Web Services have addressed certain issues by deploying local infrastructure in main markets (US and EU). [12] Government projects Cloud computing has the potential to provide good level government service deliveries to the people despite the government agencies suffering from resource constraints. US government has an estimate to spend almost USD 20 billion on cloud computing related products. Figure 8[13] The federal government has a complete cloud related strategy that can be described below. ? Develop a decision framework that can be used to migrate services to cloud ? Find the services that can be migrated to Cloud and their time frames ? Calculate the resources required to move the services to cloud. Figure 9[13] Economic Various multinational companies have reduced their IT spending in lieu of the economic slowdown that has hit the economy hard. JP Morgan recently cut their IT spending. 14] Cloud computing helps cut costs in following ways ? By lowering opportunity cost of running technology. When it comes to technology only 20% of the time and effort goes into running technology which is where all the value lies. By using Cloud computing the 80-20 can be reversed as time required to manage the OS and hardware gets considerably reduced. ? Capital expenditure shifts to op erating expenditure. Figure 10[15] ? Renewed focus on core activities With the movement from traditional operation to cloud, A company gets a lot of time focus on its core activities. Recently, Netflix moved on to the Amazon Cloud service (AWS EC2). Social Figure 11[18] Internet has been the most disruptive social phenomenon of the past couple of decades and has found its use in both professional and personal activities. The number of internet users is close to 2. 23 billion[18] and growing. Figure 12[12] Internet users Since cloud being an internet based technology its adoption has a greater probability. The future generation will no doubt be connected through the internet for both personal and professional lives. Social media has grown from strength to strength and now even companies are focused towards the use of social networking to find opportunities for their growth. Technical Technology has taken great strides over the last 2 decades and IT infrastructure and service sharing has become a great source of growth for some companies. With high speed of internet, low connectivity issues, higher security standards and modularization of environments, it has become easier to implement cloud. Figure 13[12] IBM IT Transformation Roadmap The IBM IT transformation road map suggests how the IT has transformed over the years and it is headed straight towards the adoption of cloud computing on a major level. LEGAL There is currently no legal framework designed for the adoption on cloud computing. There are local regulations on free flow of information between countries. Figure 14[16] There are a few questions that are raised by the law structure when cloud is being implemented. 1. Who is the controller? 2. Which law is applicable 3. Transfer outside the country? The future of legal policies appear uncertain and they can easily keep a lid on growth of cloud computing Environmental IT contributes 2% of the world’s CO2 emissions in the world which is the same as the Airline industry[12]. Other than CO2 emission IT produces 2 million tones of electric waste as well. Cloud Computing is one of the ways to reduce the environmental impact of IT industry. Most of the electric waste would become obsolete with the evolution of cloud computing. Figure 15[17] Total PESTLE Impact Diagram Figure 16[12] 6. Technological Infrastructure required for Cloud Computing Following Infrastructure is needed for Cloud computing: 1) 2) 3) 4) Computing Infrastructure Network Infrastructure Storage Infrastructure Linking Infrastructure a. Linking to Network b. Linking to Storage Depending upon the service required (IaaS or PaaS or SaaS), these infrastructure elements can be owned by the client or the Cloud service provider. As per the CIO. com article are as follows: [1] , there are seven important aspects of any cloud infrastructure, these 1) Heterogeneous System Support Other than leveraging the latest software and hardware systems, the cloud infrastructure should also be compatible with the legacy and traditional systems of the organization and should also support the existing infrastructure. 2) Service Management In order to make the cloud offering successful, the cloud service should be able to provide proper resource (e. g. CPU cycle or storage etc) guarantees, transparent metering rules of the service and proper billing cycles. Also, the service should be able to be managed and deployed easily and quickly. 3) Dynamic Workload and Resource Management For providing truly on demand and virtualized services, it is important for any cloud infrastructure to manage the resources and workload as per the required service level agreement to the consumer. And hence in case of peak load, prioritize resources in order to be highly efficient and performance driven. 4) Reliability, Availability and Security Reliability, Availability and Security are important aspects of any service, whether it is provided through cloud or through the traditional model. Hence any cloud infrastructure should provide a smooth transition to the cloud service without compromising on any of these aspects of the system. 5) Integration with Data Management tools It is possible that cloud computing management solutions do not fully take the place of the traditional systems and data centers. Hence the cloud infrastructure should be able to integrate with these out of the box systems and data centers to provide a hassle free service to the clients. 6) Visibility and Reporting An important feature of the cloud service is the ‘pay as per-use’ facility. Hence to fully achieve this objective, the cloud infrastructure should support detailed levels of visibility and reporting regarding the usage, service level agreements, compliances, system and network performances, billing schedules etc. 7) Administrator, Developer and End User Interface Most Cloud infrastructures provide user interfaces and portals to hide the cloud service complexities from the end user and in a way also provide the ability to manage these cloud services in a simple yet comprehensive way. [19] 7. Cloud Computing Drivers Vs Inhibitors Inhibitors for Cloud Computing A report published by IBM [20] (IBM Academy of Technology, Thought Leadership White Paper, October 2010) based on the survey conducted on 110 Cloud implementation Projects, revealed that the major concerns for implementing Cloud were issues involving security, lack of perceived value proposition by the customers, lack of standardization and lack of funding for implementation. Some of the other factors include- complexity concerns, lack of skills, concerns about reliability and availability of cloud, technical immaturity etc. Figure 17 Source: IBM Academy of Technology, Thought Leadership White Paper, October 2010 [20] Security [20] Security is one of the major concerns specially in public cloud implementations. Most customers are worried about the privacy and integrity of their data. The concerns may increase even more if the cloud is shared among other customers, who may be your competitors. Hence according to the IBM survey most companies are interested in implementing the private cloud (instead of going for the public Cloud). Standardization [20] As Cloud Computing is an emerging technology, the processes and implementations are not yet standardized. Each of the Cloud implementers provides their own solutions. There are no industry wide standards yet developed for Cloud computing. Hence this lack of hardware requirements, software, operating system and processes act as an inhibitor for implementing cloud. Value Proposition [20] Implementation of Cloud is much easier if value which it provides in terms of meeting the business requirements and cost benefits can be explained to the customer. Hence lack of tools and models that assist the customers to calculate the return on investment and value proposition pose a deterrent in cloud implementation. Complexity and Integration [20] Most customers today run a host of applications including numerous legacy tools. Customers are looking integrated solution for all their applications from the cloud providers. Hence the doubts over integrating all solutions and also reducing complexity are one of the concerns of the customers in implementing cloud. According to Keane White paper [21] on â€Å"Cloud Computing – Clear thinking about its risks, benefits and success factors† impediments to cloud Adoption are as follows: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Security Privacy / Compliance Immaturity of vendors / Offerings Risk Mitigation Legacy Applications Drivers for Cloud Computing BENEFITS [20] The study conducted by IBM based on 110 Cloud implementations revealed following results: ? ? ? Around 80% of clients acknowledge benefits in sharing of IT resources through highly virtualized infrastructure by implementing cloud. Around 60% achieved ease-of-use through self service with rapid delivery. Taking about public clouds specifically ? ? ? Ease-of-use is 85% (as compared to 60% overall by both public and private cloud users) 68% benefit from pay-as-you-go Charging model 63% benefit from Internet / Web based Cloud Figure 18 Source: IBM Academy of Technology, Thought Leadership White Paper, October 2010 [20] According to Keane White paper [21] on â€Å"Cloud Computing – Clear thinking about its risks, benefits and success factors† benefits of Cloud solution are as follows: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Cost Capability / Scalability More Green Organization Agility Collaboration Focus According Deloitte report on â€Å"Cloud Computing – Forecasting Change – Market overview and Perspective† [22] Figure 19 Source: Deloitte Report on Cloud Computing – Forecasting Change – Market overview and Perspective [22] Deloitte’s perspective on perceived and real impact of cloud Inhibitors [22] Figure 20 Source: Deloitte Report on Cloud Computing – Forecasting Change – Market overview and Perspective [22] 8. Global cloud computing market size Future growth According to the report called â€Å"Sizing the Cloud† of independent research firm Forrester Research the global cloud computing market would fetch the $241 billion by 2020[1] as compared to $40. 7 billion in 2010. It could be possible cause of rapidly growing of cloud computing services. Figure 21 According to this report, Software-as-a-service(SaaS) would have a significant share in the total revenue. This segment would offer more opportunity growth than any other segments. The SaaS would have the leading position in the Cloud Computing market by holding the $92. 8 billion by 2016[23]. According to IDC by 2015[24] nearly 24% of the software purchaseswould be service enabled software. SaaS delivery will have the share of around 13. 1% of worldwide software revenue and 14. 4% for applications. Global Corporate Mobile SaaS Market will be at $1. billion in 2011 and will grow to $3. 7 billion by 2016 with Compound annual growth rate of 25. 8% according to latest Strategy Analytics Wireless Enterprise Strategies. It will be possible by integration of business application on smartphones, tablets and other wireless devices[25]. Deloitte has estimated that cloud based usage will replace 2. 34% of IT spending in 2014 and further it will rise to 14. 49% in 2020[26]. Figure 22[ 26] Cisco’s Global Cloud Index forecasted that the transition of workloads from traditional data centres to cloud data centres will exceed in 2014. This year would be the crucial year when workloads through cloud data centres (51%) would be higher than the traditional data centres (49%) for the first time. If this trend would be continued then cloud workloads would be dominating to the traditional work load by 2015. The Compound annual growth rate expected to be at 22% during 2010-15[27]. Fig 23[27] According to Gartner, Insurance industry would have a higher rate of cloud adoption (34%) compared to their enterprise counterparts (27%) in the Small Medium Business (SMB) category. Fig 24[28] Complete analysis of Cloud Computing in Asia [8] Fig 25[30] Indian Market In terms of market size, Indian market holds only $990 million compared to global market $ 109 billion7. It is predicted that India would be having market of $3-4 billion by 20157according to Zinnov Management Consulting. On the other hand Nasscom and Deloitte consulting estimated that Indian market would be worth of $16 billion by 20207. It is also estimated that India would have a huge potential growth in future cause of millions of Small Medium Business who are not able to afford to invest in the expensive business software solutions. Vishnu Bhatt, head of cloud services at Infosys says that, â€Å"About 60 per cent of enterprise workloads will be on the cloud in five years, from the current nonexistent levels†. Four different types of market opportunity are there in the India. Roughly 25 per cent of the Indian market is in â€Å"private cloud† business cause of security reasons. Other three opportunities lies in the â€Å"public cloud† as Saas, PaaS, in Iaas. Independent software vendors (ISVs) like†Infosys, Wipro etc. † are the middle players who serve to small clients from the big players like Microsoft and Salesforce. The entire cost is borne by the end users, on an average the ISVs make around 20-30 per cent of the total revenue. Around 3000 ISVs are there in India and nearly 1000 of them have tied up with the Microsoft and Salesforce. So we can say Indian cloud market mostly depend on the ISVs[29]. 9. CLOUD COMPUTING AFFECTING FIRM BOUNDARY Start-ups Cloud computing reduces initial investments of the start-ups by reducing capital investment in a data center. In cloud computing the infrastructure for data storage is provided by the cloud providers which help start-ups in reducing their investment. Cloud computing does not eliminate the development cost but helps start-up companies to focus on their core competency without hiring people with expertise. Cloud computing also helps different software companies (start-ups) to expand their offering by partnerships with big firms (exa-IBM). [32, 33] Due to this lowered capital cost the companies were able to prove their products on less initial capital. . In 2011, 1339 companies received a total of US $5. 8bn in first-time financing (an increase of 7% in capital raised and an inc of 19. % in deal numbers, compared with the same period in 2010). The data shows that Venture capitals are taking interest in investing on these small amounts since the risk is low. This helps the entrepreneurs in cracking more deals as supported by data. [34] SMB’s Cloud computing will help SME’s in modeling their business. Since it is cost effective, now companies are targeting these small and medium size businesses. These firms were not able to implement ERP due to high cost and lack of IT infrastructure. Now due to cost cut of the infrastructure they can use cloud for their business. iON will enhance India’s global competitiveness by giving 35 million Indian SMBs access to world-class, simple-to-use and scalable technology tools. SMBs can use the power of iON to build their business advantage and compete on the global stage,† said N Chandrasekaran, chief executive officer and managing director, TCS, and chief architect, iON, in a statement. [35] The table below shows the share of small medium businesses in different countries. In India Tata Consultancy Service is targeting $1 billion revenue from these small and medium businesses firm [36] over five years. Figure 26[37] A survey taken from Zoomerang (in April 2011) for small and medium businesses has shown that 77% of the small and medium businesses are not using cloud computing for their businesses and 52% of them will use cost effective IT management and maintenance sources. Figure 27 [39] A report published by Microsoft has shown that there is high potential for cloud adoption in SMBs. As per the report the number of companies with between 11 and 25 employees will potentially double till next wave. In 101 – 250 employee segment 33% companies will adopt cloud in the next wave. [38] Figure 28[38] Cost effectiveness of cloud computing will help startups and SMB’s in adopting it ,which in turn will help them in making their process efficient and as the result â€Å"SMBs will be able to challenge big businesses†. [40] Venture Capital Investment The diagram below shows the growth of public cloud and its comparison with the overall IT. The public cloud services are growing strongly with a rate of 18%, which is a positive sign for the companies providing cloud services. 42] This growth is also attracting the Venture Capitalist. Currently, not much of the investment is done on this sector and there is a strong chance of investment. [43] Figure 29[42] Venture capital is also affected by government regulations. A report published by Josh Learner shows the impact of copyright policy changes on Venture capital investment in cloud computing companies. The data provided i n the table in Appendix A has shown the investment of venture [41] capital quarter wise for cloud service firms in U. S. A. Figure 30[41] The figure below shows the ratio of investment in cloud computing companies to investment in all IT companies. A drastic change can be seen in the graph after the copyright policy changes. [10] Figure 31[41] A survey taken in 2012 by Deloitte regarding global trends in venture capital shows the confidence level of investors of different countries in different industries. The first graph shows the confidence level of venture capital investment sector wise and the second graph shows the confidence level of respondent’s country in cloud computing. 44] Figure 32[44] Figure 33[44] According to the article of NASSCOM Deloitte â€Å"Deconstructing the cloud The new growth frontier for Indian IT – BPO sector† cloud computing will affect by making (below points are directly taken from the article) [40] Lines blur between consumer and enterprise IT – Initially innovation was driven by enterprises but now trends have been changed and innovations are driven by custom er segment also e. g. blogging, social networking and cloud is fast helping merge this divide between consumer and enterprise. IT drives arket-facing differentiation for businesses Cloud will be a net positive impact on existing service lines while opening up new â€Å"product† opportunities Cloud have a net positive impact on existing service line revenues, though traditional IS outsourcing and testing service providers will have to re-invent existing models Uptake will vary across industries because of different drivers and barriers Cloud will alter the industry landscape commoditization of IT through cloud computing will reduce entry barrier bringing some new breed competitors. Partnerships and alliances will be key to succeed in the Cloud ecosystem [40] 10. Web 2. 0 and Cloud Computing Web 2. 0 and Cloud computing have changed the way we develop, deploy and use computer applications. The World Wide Web had seen a transition from traditional publishing model to the new collaborative information creation model. [45] Web 2. 0 uses network as a platform for sharing information, creating content, making a virtual community, in contrast to the websites where users can simply read the text (passive viewing of content). Web 2. includes some of the most widely known and used applications blogs, social networking sites, YouTube, wikis, Twitter, web applications etc. [46] Figure 34: Web 1. 0 web 2. 0 Structure [47] Cloud computing services in nature are Web applications which deliver desirable computing services on demand. It is thus a natural technical evolution that the Cloud computing acquires the Web 2. 0 technique. [50] Cloud computing defines the way the appl ications are deployed. It offers infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and software as a service (SaaS). As per the requirement of resources, the processing power and memory gets allocated in an elastic manner. [45] The cloud is often misinterpreted as a combination of clusters and grids. However, in reality, clouds are next-generation data centres which are dynamically provisioned as per the user demand used for personalized resource collection for fulfilling specific user needs and accessible through â€Å"Web 2. 0† technologies. [51] Web 2. 0 and Implications on cloud computing Web 2. 0 contributes to the front end of the business, cloud computing contributes to the back end of the business. Combining both, web 2. 0 cloud computing, both front end as well as some of the back end of the business can be outsourced. The work can be performed from anywhere, teams may not be at the same location thus collaborating the information using, web 2. 0 tools, cloud, mobile technologies. This is the concept of virtualized organizations. [53] Statistical Support David Osimo shows how web 2. 0 applications have grown masively. He uses the data from Technorati, Wikipedia, Myspace, Youtube and Nielsen-Netratings for analysis. His findings can be seen in Figure 2.. [10] Figure 35: Growth of Web 2. 0 applications [54] Cloud computing is addressing two different market needs [50] 1. Large scale web applications (‘web 2. 0 markets’) – scale-out cloud E. g. Google Traditional data centre computing (‘enterprise market’) server clouds E. g. Microsoft 2. Figure 36: Evolution of World Wide Web [48] Cloud computing is integral to web 2. 0. It brings all sorts of user data along with operating system online and enables content sharing platform making the use of storage devices unnecessary. Web 2. 0 provides the collaborative functionality that helps in sharing documents and making changes on a real time basis regardless of their locations. This along with cloud computing allows for online storage of data avoiding the use of hardware, data centres as well as software replaced by online web applications like Google documents. There can be two kinds of customers for cloud [49] Those that need to scale up (achieve higher scale) at low costs 2. Those that want to eliminate data centre model and choose pay-as-you-go model 1. Many technologies like grid computing, peer to peer computing contribute directly to cloud. Thus, web 2. 0 provides users the capabilities of easy sharing and accessibility of data with anyone, from anywhere. Applications like Google doc, face book are managed by cloud storing huge amount of user data at one place and making it readily available to everyone anytime. These applications are one type of services, software as a service. Users have their own hardware at place, and use their own platform to run these cloud applications. The software resources like application servers, database servers, IDE etc. re not required. Other kind of services include application as a service where users have their own hardware at place and rent platforms from cloud to develop customized software. Finally infrastructure as a service means the complete virtualization of business with storage at cloud. Hardware and computing also need not be performed at the site but takes place in cloud. Resources li ke storage, computing power are not required. [52] With the advent of web 2. 0, cloud computing got a boost as people could create and access any amount of information without having to worry about its storage. Google is the best example. It provides many services and applications like, Google doc, spreadsheet, YouTube all of which are cloud based and help sharing information on a real time basis. The real time sharing of knowledge is what is made possible though combination of the two. Cloud is incorporated in the next version of web 2. 0 retaining the features of web 2. 0 and adding new ‘elasticity’ to the whole application or business deployment. 11. Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis Threat of new entrants ? ? ? ? Low barriers to entry Relatively lower development costs Low fixed costs Huge potential market Bargaining power of suppliers: ? ? High for few big players. Can depend on the type of service provided. Bargaining power of buyers: Existing competitive landscape ? ? Intense rivalry. Presence of big, small niche players. ? ? Dependent on the size of the buyers. SMEs’ power can increase with standardization of offerings. Threat of substitutes: ? Mild threat from open source computing Figure 38 1. Existing competitive landscape: The Cloud computing market comprises of both small and big players causing intense rivalry. But there is a large variety in the type of products and services required by customers and so there is room for big, small and niche players. There are the big players providing end-to-end services like IBM, Amazon, Microsoft etc, pure players like Salesforce and niche players like Dell-BOOMI (specializes in Cloud Integration), Rackspace (leader in managed hosting services) and small players like Zenith. [55][56] 2. Suppliers’ bargaining power: Since there is a huge potential for demand from SMEs and few big players like Google, Amazon and IBM, the bargaining power of suppliers is quite high. Bargaining power could vary according to the type of service provided. E. g. In case of an IaaS service, switching cost for customers might not be very high since the offering is largely undifferentiated, but same cannot be said for a SaaS offering. Also there are is no clear rule of law for regulation of the data stored on the cloud. Data stored on the cloud could be subject to less stringent action by the regulatory authority than that stored on a personal computer. This could make the switching costs for the customers quite high. [57][58] 3. Buyer’s bargaining power: Bargaining power of buyers can be said to be dependent on the size of the buyer’s business. In case of SMEs, the bargaining power can be said to be low since many of the suppliers in the cloud computing market are large corporations. Whereas the buyer’s bargaining power can substantially dominate the supplier if the buyer itself is a large organization. The bargaining power of SMEs can increase if with the standardization of the services which will be facilitated with establishing proper regulatory compliances. [57] 4. Threat of new entrants: With the huge potential market among the SMEs, it is expected that many new entrants from the SME segment itself will enter the Cloud computing market with low cost offerings. This expectation lies on the fact of low fixed costs, relatively lower costs of developing a product and low barriers to entry. [57][59][60] 5. Threat of substitutes: Open source computing can be considered as a substitute for Cloud computing services. But it can be expected that the SMEs will prefer Cloud computing over open source due to higher switching costs in case of open source and lower costs of cloud computing services. [57] References Online: 1. Hurwitz et al. , (2010) Cloud Computing for Dummies [online]. Wiley Publishing Inc. NJ. http://books. google. co. in/books? id=_TvnVbFSYsQClpg=PP1ots=u7GJ5I6STGdq=cloud% 20computingpg=PT10#v=onepageq=cloud%20computingf=false google. co. in/url? source=imglandingct=imgq=http://files. messe. de/007/medi a/04bilder/aufloesungsunabhaengig/2011_3/cb11bielastischrechnen. jpgsa=Xei=jqxJULO WHsHrrQeVuoDICAved=0CAkQ8wc4kgIusg=AFQjCNFaG0Yc_Ym8Uya7F3ei130cbaQbVQ 2. Jamsa, K. Cloud Computing: SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, Virtualization, Business Models, Mobile, Security and More [online]. Jones Barlette Learning, Wall Street, Burlington. http://books. google. co. in/books? id=msFk8DPZ7noClpg=PP1ots=oW3KUl1HDmdq=clou d%20computingpg=PR2#v=onepageq=cloud%20computingf=false 4. Trends and technologies in the CRM world. [online] allthingscrm. com/cloudcomputing/the-importance-of-cloud-computing. html (Accessed 5 September 2012) 3. 5. Search Cloud Computing. 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[online] morganstanley. com/views/perspectives/cloud_computing. pdf (Accessed 6 September 2012) 11. Frost Sullivan, Cloud Computing Services. [online] http://corporate. sify. com/uploads/CloudServices-F-S. pdf (Accessed 6 September 2012) 12. Callewaert, Robinson and Blatman, 2010 Market overview and Perspective: Cloud computing. Deloitte. https://www. deloitte. com/assets/DcomGlobal/Local%20Assets/Documents/TMT/cloud